Inside China’s 15th 5-year plan: AI, fusion and defence drive next frontier

China on Thursday unveiled a draft blueprint of key projects for the 2026-2030 period, aimed at overcoming chokepoints to gain a steadier footing in the global tech race and its rivalry with the United States.

The 15th five-year plan was released as China’s top legislature and political advisory body convened in Beijing for the annual “two sessions” meetings, a time when major economic priorities and policy directions are formally set.

Here are the major takeaways from Beijing’s sweeping plan to navigate a complex and turbulent international environment.

All-front fortress

The plan outline indicates that Beijing is preparing for extreme contingencies, including potential external shocks or disruptions to coastal regions.

The push to set up strategic hinterlands and backups for key industries in interior regions is expected to continue, while food self-sufficiency and stable energy production have been framed as pivotal for extreme‑scenario preparedness.

On the defence front, China is prioritising increased strategic deterrence, accelerated readiness for unmanned and intelligent warfare, and the rapid adoption of emerging technologies.

Border security will also be fortified through new “strategic backbone corridors” linking Xinjiang and Tibet with the rest of the country and repairs to old ones.