Fusion energy is considered the “ultimate energy” for a carbon-neutral future because the process of creating it does not emit greenhouse gases or nuclear radioactive waste. Its major by-product is helium, an inert, non-toxic gas.
Scientists have conducted research on fusion for decades with the aim of finding a sustainable and cost-effective way to meet the world’s energy demands. They want to build fusion devices that mimic the fusion reaction of the sun and other stars.
In the fusion reaction that powers the sun, hydrogen nuclei collide and fuse into heavier helium atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy during the process.
Fusion reactions take place in a state of matter called plasma – a hot, charged gas – at temperatures of around 10 million degrees Celsius, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency.
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